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| [ 作者： | 来源： | 时间：2006-1-22 13:18:19 ] |
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An association of local agencies established for mutual benefit and to help coordinate planning and development activities within a metropolitan region. Establishment of the MPO is required by law in urban areas of over 50,000 population if federal funds are to be used. The MPO consists of two groups. 1) The Policy board is comprised of officials representing the counties, cities, and state agency. 2) The technical advisory group consists of professional planners and engineers who are usually employees of the same agencies. The MPO is not a level of government. However, the MPO has "effective control" over transportation improvements within the area since a project must be a part of the MPO's adopted plan in order to receive federal funding.
- National Highway System (NHS)
- The NHS is one of the three major components of the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. A major new Federal-aid system was established in the NHS. It includes the Interstate System, other routes identified as having strategic defense characteristics, routes providing access to major ports, airports, public transportation and intermodal transportation facilities and, of particular significance to local governments, and many principal urban and rural arterials which provide regional service.
- National Transportation System (NTS)
- An intermodal system consisting of all forms of transportation in a unified, interconnected manner to reduce energy consumptions and air pollution while promoting economic development and supporting the Nation's preeminent position in international commerce. The NTS includes the National Highway System, public transportation and access to ports and airports.
- Non-attainment areas
- These are geographical areas, defined by the Environmental Protection Agency, whose air quality does not meet Federal air quality standards designed to protect public health.
- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
- A formal agreement, or treaty, between Canada, Mexico, and the United States of America to promote means for improved and increased free trade between the three countries. The affect of NAFTA on transportation was to increase the need to upgrade existing, and build new, transportation facilities between and within the countries.
- Notice Of Intent (NOI)
- A notice that is prepared to inform the public that an Environmental Impact Statement will be prepared for a project.
- Park and Pool (P&P)
- Similar to Park and Ride, excepts motorists leave their individual vehicles and complete their trip in a car pool or HOV other than a mass transit vehicle.
- Park and Ride (P&R)
- P&R lots are designed to intercept automobiles at outlying locations along transitway corridors (e.g. bus routes). These facilities have been very successful in Texas.
- Peak Hour Factor (PHF)
- The PHF is a ratio of the total hourly traffic volume to the maximum 15-minute traffic rate within the hour. PHF represents the flow variation within an hour. Observations consistently show the flow rate found in the peak 15-minute period within an hour is not sustained throughout the entire hour. PHFs for multilane highways range from 0.76 to 0.99.
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